Django

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Django

day16 Django开发

主题：员工管理系统

1.新建项目

![image-20211125083543235](day18 Django开发.assets/image-20211125083543235.png)

![image-20211125083701911](day18 Django开发.assets/image-20211125083701911.png)

2.创建app

python manage.py startapp app01

![image-20211125084115717](day18 Django开发.assets/image-20211125084115717.png)

注册app：

![image-20211125084246174](day18 Django开发.assets/image-20211125084246174.png)

3.设计表结构（django）

![image-20211125092320247](day18 Django开发.assets/image-20211125092320247.png)

![image-20211125092904544](day18 Django开发.assets/image-20211125092904544.png)

from django.db import models


class Department(models.Model):
    """ 部门表 """
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标题', max_length=32)


class UserInfo(models.Model):
    """ 员工表 """
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)
    password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)
    age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
    account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间")

    # 无约束
    # depart_id = models.BigIntegerField(verbose_name="部门ID")
    # 1.有约束
    #   - to，与那张表关联
    #   - to_field，表中的那一列关联
    # 2.django自动
    #   - 写的depart
    #   - 生成数据列 depart_id
    # 3.部门表被删除
    # ### 3.1 级联删除
    depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    # ### 3.2 置空
    # depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)

    # 在django中做的约束
    gender_choices = (
        (1, "男"),
        (2, "女"),
    )
    gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)

4.在MySQL中生成表

工具连接MySQL生成数据库。

create database gx_day16 DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

修改配置文件，连接MySQL

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'gx_day16',  # 数据库名字
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'root123',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',  # 那台机器安装了MySQL
        'PORT': 3306,
    }
}

![image-20211125093556582](day18 Django开发.assets/image-20211125093556582.png)

django命令生成数据库表
```
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
```
![image-20211125093805549](day18 Django开发.assets/image-20211125093805549.png)

表结构创建成功：

![image-20211125093859327](day18 Django开发.assets/image-20211125093859327.png)

5.静态文件管理

static目录

![image-20211125095750076](day18 Django开发.assets/image-20211125095750076.png)

6.部门管理

体验，最原始方法来做。
Django中提供Form和ModelForm组件（方便）

![image-20211125100519237](day18 Django开发.assets/image-20211125100519237.png)

7.模板的继承

部门列表
添加部门
编辑部门

定义目版：layout.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plugin...min.css' %}">
    {% block css %}{% endblock %}
</head>
<body>
    <h1>标题</h1>
    <div>
        {% block content %}{% endblock %}
    </div>
    <h1>底部</h1>
    
    <script src="{% static 'js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js' %}"></script>
    {% block js %}{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>

继承母版：

{% extends 'layout.html' %}

{% block css %}
	<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'pluxxx.css' %}">
	<style>
		...
	</style>
{% endblock %}


{% block content %}
    <h1>首页</h1>
{% endblock %}


{% block js %}
	<script src="{% static 'js/jqxxxin.js' %}"></script>
{% endblock %}

8.用户管理

insert into app01_userinfo(name,password,age,account,create_time,gender,depart_id) values("韩超","666",23,100.68,"2020-01-11",2,1);

insert into app01_userinfo(name,password,age,account,create_time,gender,depart_id) values("刘东","123",23,100.68,"2010-11-11",1,4);

insert into app01_userinfo(name,password,age,account,create_time,gender,depart_id) values("朱虎飞","999",33,9900.68,"2021-05-11",1,1);

+-------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field       | Type          | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id          | bigint(20)    | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name        | varchar(16)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| password    | varchar(64)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| age         | int(11)       | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| account     | decimal(10,2) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| create_time | datetime(6)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| gender      | smallint(6)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| depart_id   | bigint(20)    | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |
+-------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

![image-20211125144436879](day18 Django开发.assets/image-20211125144436879.png)

新建用户：

原始方式理思路：不会采用（本质）【麻烦】

- 用户提交数据没有校验。
- 错误，页面上应该有错误提示。
- 页面上，没一个字段都需要我们重新写一遍。     [OK]
- 关联的数据，手动去获取并展示循环展示在页面。  [OK]

Django组件
- Form组件（小简便）
- ModelForm组件（最简便）

8.1 初识Form

1. views.py

class MyForm(Form):
    user = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Input)
    pwd = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
    email = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
    account = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
    create_time = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
    depart = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
    gender = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)


def user_add(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = MyForm()
        return render(request, 'user_add.html',{"form":form})

2.user_add.html

<form method="post">
    {% for field in form%}
    	{{ field }}
    {% endfor %}
    <!-- <input type="text"  placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>

<form method="post">
    {{ form.user }}
    {{ form.pwd }}
    {{ form.email }}
    <!-- <input type="text"  placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>

8.3 ModelForm（推荐）

0. models.py

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    """ 员工表 """
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)
    password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)
    age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
    account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间")
    depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    gender_choices = (
        (1, "男"),
        (2, "女"),
    )
    gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)

1. views.py

class MyForm(ModelForm):
    xx = form.CharField*("...")
    class Meta:
        model = UserInfo
        fields = ["name","password","age","xx"]


def user_add(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = MyForm()
        return render(request, 'user_add.html',{"form":form})

2.user_add.html

<form method="post">
    {% for field in form%}
    	{{ field }}
    {% endfor %}
    <!-- <input type="text"  placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>

<form method="post">
    {{ form.user }}
    {{ form.pwd }}
    {{ form.email }}
    <!-- <input type="text"  placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>

day17 Django开发

部门管理

用户管理

用户列表

新建用户

- ModelForm，针对数据库中的某个表。
- Form。

8.4 编辑用户

点击编辑，跳转到编辑页面（将编辑行的ID携带过去）。
编辑页面（默认数据，根据ID获取并设置到页面中）
提交：
- 错误提示
- 数据校验
- 在数据库更新
```
models.UserInfo.filter(id=4).update(...)
```

8.5 删除

见代码。

9.靓号管理

9.1 表结构

![image-20211126094318872](day18 Django开发.assets/image-20211126094318872.png)

根据表结构的需求，在models.py中创建类（由类生成数据库中的表）。

class PrettyNum(models.Model):
    """ 靓号表 """
    mobile = models.CharField(verbose_name="手机号", max_length=11)
    # 想要允许为空 null=True, blank=True
    price = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="价格", default=0)

    level_choices = (
        (1, "1级"),
        (2, "2级"),
        (3, "3级"),
        (4, "4级"),
    )
    level = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="级别", choices=level_choices, default=1)

    status_choices = (
        (1, "已占用"),
        (2, "未使用")
    )
    status = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="状态", choices=status_choices, default=2)

自己在数据模拟创建一些数据：

insert into app01_prettynum(mobile,price,level,status)values("111111111",19,1,1);

mysql> select * from app01_prettynum;
+----+-----------+-------+-------+--------+
| id | mobile    | price | level | status |
+----+-----------+-------+-------+--------+
|  1 | 111111111 |    19 |     1 |      1 |
|  2 | 111111111 |    19 |     1 |      1 |
|  3 | 111111111 |    19 |     1 |      1 |
|  4 | 111111111 |    19 |     1 |      1 |
+----+-----------+-------+-------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

9.2 靓号列表

URL
函数
- 获取所有的靓号
- 结合html+render将靓号罗列出来
```
id	号码	价格	级别（中文）	状态（中文）
```

9.3 新建靓号

列表点击跳转：/pretty/add/
URL

ModelForm类

from django import forms

class PrettyModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
	...

函数
- 实例化类的对象
- 通过render将对象传入到HTML中。
- 模板的循环展示所有的字段。
点击提交
- 数据校验
- 保存到数据库
- 跳转回靓号列表

![image-20211126111252278](day18 Django开发.assets/image-20211126111252278.png)

9.4 编辑靓号

列表页面：/pretty/数字/edit/
URL
函数
- 根据ID获取当前编辑的对象
- ModelForm配合，默认显示数据。
- 提交修改。

![image-20211126112848435](day18 Django开发.assets/image-20211126112848435.png)

不允许手机号重复。

添加：【正则表达式】【手机号不能存在】

# [obj,obj,obj]
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888")

obj = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888").first()

# True/False
exists = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888").exists()

编辑：【正则表达式】【手机号不能存在】

排除自己以外，其他的数据是否手机号是否重复？

# id!=2 and mobile='1888888888'
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888").exclude(id=2)

9.5 搜索手机号

models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="19999999991",id=12)

data_dict = {"mobile":"19999999991","id":123}
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(**data_dict)

models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id=12)       # 等于12
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__gt=12)   # 大于12
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__gte=12)  # 大于等于12
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__lt=12)   # 小于12
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__lte=12)  # 小于等于12

data_dict = {"id__lte":12}
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(**data_dict)

models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="999")               # 等于
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile__startswith="1999")  # 筛选出以1999开头
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile__endswith="999")     # 筛选出以999结尾
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile__contains="999")     # 筛选出包含999

data_dict = {"mobile__contains":"999"}
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(**data_dict)

9.6 分页

queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()

queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id=1)[0:10]


# 第1页
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()[0:10]

# 第2页
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()[10:20]

# 第3页
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()[20:30]

data = models.PrettyNum.objects.all().count()
data = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id=1).count()

分页的逻辑和处理规则
封装分页类
- 从头到尾开发
- 写项目用【pagination.py】公共组件。

小Bug，搜索 + 分页情况下。

分页时候，保留原来的搜索条件

http://127.0.0.1:8000/pretty/list/?q=888
http://127.0.0.1:8000/pretty/list/?page=1

http://127.0.0.1:8000/pretty/list/?q=888&page=23

10.时间插件

<link rel="stylesheet" href="static/plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/css/bootstrap.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="static/plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/css/bootstrap-datepicker.css">


<input type="text" id="dt" class="form-control" placeholder="入职日期">



<script src="static/js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>
<script src="static/plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/js/bootstrap.js"></script>
<script src="static/plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/js/bootstrap-datepicker.js"></script>
<script src="static/plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/locales/bootstrap-datepicker.zh-CN.min.js"></script>


<script>
    $(function () {
        $('#dt').datepicker({
            format: 'yyyy-mm-dd',
            startDate: '0',
            language: "zh-CN",
            autoclose: true
        });

    })
</script>

11.ModelForm和BootStrap

ModelForm可以帮助我们生成HTML标签。

class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        fields = ["name", "password",]

form = UserModelForm()

{{form.name}}      普通的input框
{{form.password}}  普通的input框

定义插件

class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        fields = ["name", "password",]
        widgets = {
            "name": forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),
            "password": forms.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),
            "age": forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),
        }


class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    name = forms.CharField(
        min_length=3,
        label="用户名",
        widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"})
    )

    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        fields = ["name", "password", "age"]

{{form.name}}      BootStrap的input框
{{form.password}}  BootStrap的input框

重新定义的init方法，批量设置

class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        fields = ["name", "password", "age",]

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        
        # 循环ModelForm中的所有字段，给每个字段的插件设置
        for name, field in self.fields.items():
			field.widget.attrs = {
                "class": "form-control", 
                "placeholder": field.label
            }

class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        fields = ["name", "password", "age",]

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        
        # 循环ModelForm中的所有字段，给每个字段的插件设置
        for name, field in self.fields.items():
            # 字段中有属性，保留原来的属性，没有属性，才增加。
            if field.widget.attrs:
				field.widget.attrs["class"] = "form-control"
				field.widget.attrs["placeholder"] = field.label
            else:
                field.widget.attrs = {
                    "class": "form-control", 
                    "placeholder": field.label
                }

class UserEditModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        fields = ["name", "password", "age",]

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        
        # 循环ModelForm中的所有字段，给每个字段的插件设置
        for name, field in self.fields.items():
            # 字段中有属性，保留原来的属性，没有属性，才增加。
            if field.widget.attrs:
				field.widget.attrs["class"] = "form-control"
				field.widget.attrs["placeholder"] = field.label
            else:
                field.widget.attrs = {
                    "class": "form-control", 
                    "placeholder": field.label
                }

自定义类

class BootStrapModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        # 循环ModelForm中的所有字段，给每个字段的插件设置
        for name, field in self.fields.items():
            # 字段中有属性，保留原来的属性，没有属性，才增加。
            if field.widget.attrs:
				field.widget.attrs["class"] = "form-control"
				field.widget.attrs["placeholder"] = field.label
            else:
                field.widget.attrs = {
                    "class": "form-control", 
                    "placeholder": field.label
                }

class UserEditModelForm(BootStrapModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        fields = ["name", "password", "age",]

操作

提取公共的类
![image-20211126175803303](day18 Django开发.assets/image-20211126175803303.png) ![image-20211126175826579](day18 Django开发.assets/image-20211126175826579.png)
ModelForm拆分出来 ![image-20211126175852716](day18 Django开发.assets/image-20211126175852716.png)
视图函数的归类 ![image-20211126175927378](day18 Django开发.assets/image-20211126175927378.png)
![image-20211126175946996](day18 Django开发.assets/image-20211126175946996.png)
day18 Django开发

day18

管理员操作

![image-20211127083552755](day18 Django开发.assets/image-20211127083552755.png)

13. 用户登录

http无状态短连接：

![image-20211127110200983](day18 Django开发.assets/image-20211127110200983.png)

什么是cookie和session？

http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/list/
https://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/list/

![image-20211127111106780](day18 Django开发.assets/image-20211127111106780.png)

13.1 登录

登录成功后：

cookie，随机字符串
session，用户信息

在其他需要登录才能访问的页面中，都需要加入：

def index(request):
    info = request.session.get("info")
    if not info:
        return redirect('/login/')
    
    ...

目标：在18个视图函数前面统一加入判断。

info = request.session.get("info")
if not info:
    return redirect('/login/')

13.2 中间件的体验

![image-20211127142838372](day18 Django开发.assets/image-20211127142838372.png)

定义中间件

from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse

class M1(MiddlewareMixin):
    """ 中间件1 """

    def process_request(self, request):

        # 如果方法中没有返回值（返回None），继续向后走
        # 如果有返回值 HttpResponse、render 、redirect
        print("M1.process_request")
        return HttpResponse("无权访问")

    def process_response(self, request, response):
        print("M1.process_response")
        return response


class M2(MiddlewareMixin):
    """ 中间件2 """

    def process_request(self, request):
        print("M2.process_request")

    def process_response(self, request, response):
        print("M2.process_response")
        return response

应用中间件 setings.py

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    'app01.middleware.auth.M1',
    'app01.middleware.auth.M2',
]

在中间件的process_request方法

# 如果方法中没有返回值（返回None），继续向后走
# 如果有返回值 HttpResponse、render 、redirect，则不再继续向后执行。

13.3 中间件实现登录校验

编写中间件

from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, redirect


class AuthMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):

    def process_request(self, request):
        # 0.排除那些不需要登录就能访问的页面
        #   request.path_info 获取当前用户请求的URL /login/
        if request.path_info == "/login/":
            return

        # 1.读取当前访问的用户的session信息，如果能读到，说明已登陆过，就可以继续向后走。
        info_dict = request.session.get("info")
        print(info_dict)
        if info_dict:
            return

        # 2.没有登录过，重新回到登录页面
        return redirect('/login/')

应用中间件

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    'app01.middleware.auth.AuthMiddleware',
]

13.4 注销

def logout(request):
    """ 注销 """

    request.session.clear()

    return redirect('/login/')

13.5 当前用户

![image-20211127152144792](day18 Django开发.assets/image-20211127152144792.png)

14.图片验证码

14.1 生成图片

pip install pillow

import random
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont, ImageFilter


def check_code(width=120, height=30, char_length=5, font_file='Monaco.ttf', font_size=28):
    code = []
    img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(width, height), color=(255, 255, 255))
    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')

    def rndChar():
        """
        生成随机字母
        :return:
        """
        return chr(random.randint(65, 90))

    def rndColor():
        """
        生成随机颜色
        :return:
        """
        return (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(10, 255), random.randint(64, 255))

    # 写文字
    font = ImageFont.truetype(font_file, font_size)
    for i in range(char_length):
        char = rndChar()
        code.append(char)
        h = random.randint(0, 4)
        draw.text([i * width / char_length, h], char, font=font, fill=rndColor())

    # 写干扰点
    for i in range(40):
        draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())

    # 写干扰圆圈
    for i in range(40):
        draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())
        x = random.randint(0, width)
        y = random.randint(0, height)
        draw.arc((x, y, x + 4, y + 4), 0, 90, fill=rndColor())

    # 画干扰线
    for i in range(5):
        x1 = random.randint(0, width)
        y1 = random.randint(0, height)
        x2 = random.randint(0, width)
        y2 = random.randint(0, height)

        draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=rndColor())

    img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE)
    return img, ''.join(code)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    img, code_str = check_code()
    print(code_str)

    with open('code.png', 'wb') as f:
        img.save(f, format='png')

15. Ajax请求

浏览器向网站发送请求时：URL 和表单的形式提交。

GET
POST

特点：页面刷新。

除此之外，也可以基于Ajax向后台发送请求（偷偷的发送请求）。

依赖jQuery

编写ajax代码

$.ajax({
    url:"发送的地址",
    type:"get",
    data:{
        n1:123,
        n2:456
    },
    success:function(res){
        console.log(res);
    }
})

15.1 GET请求

$.ajax({
    url: '/task/ajax/',
    type: "get",
    data: {
        n1: 123,
        n2: 456
    },
    success: function (res) {
        console.log(res);
    }
})

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse

def task_ajax(request):
    print(request.GET)
    return HttpResponse("成功了")

15.2 POST请求

$.ajax({
    url: '/task/ajax/',
    type: "get",
    data: {
        n1: 123,
        n2: 456
    },
    success: function (res) {
        console.log(res);
    }
})

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt


@csrf_exempt
def task_ajax(request):
    print(request.GET)
    print(request.POST)
    return HttpResponse("成功了")

15.3 关闭绑定事件

{% extends 'layout.html' %}


{% block content %}
    <div class="container">
        <h1>任务管理</h1>

        <h3>示例1</h3>
        <input id="btn1" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="点击"/>

    </div>
{% endblock %}

{% block js %}
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(function () {
            // 页面框架加载完成之后代码自动执行
            bindBtn1Event();

        })

        function bindBtn1Event() {
            $("#btn1").click(function () {
                $.ajax({
                    url: '/task/ajax/',
                    type: "post",
                    data: {
                        n1: 123,
                        n2: 456
                    },
                    success: function (res) {
                        console.log(res);
                    }
                })
            })
        }

    </script>
{% endblock %}

15.4 ajax请求的返回值

一般都会返回JSON格式。

{% extends 'layout.html' %}


{% block content %}
    <div class="container">
        <h1>任务管理</h1>

        <h3>示例1</h3>
        <input id="btn1" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="点击"/>

    </div>
{% endblock %}

{% block js %}
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(function () {
            // 页面框架加载完成之后代码自动执行
            bindBtn1Event();

        })

        function bindBtn1Event() {
            $("#btn1").click(function () {
                $.ajax({
                    url: '/task/ajax/',
                    type: "post",
                    data: {
                        n1: 123,
                        n2: 456
                    },
                    dataType: "JSON",
                    success: function (res) {
                        console.log(res);
                        console.log(res.status);
                        console.log(res.data);
                    }
                })
            })
        }

    </script>
{% endblock %}

import json
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt


def task_list(request):
    """ 任务列表 """
    return render(request, "task_list.html")


@csrf_exempt
def task_ajax(request):
    print(request.GET)
    print(request.POST)

    data_dict = {"status": True, 'data': [11, 22, 33, 44]}
    return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data_dict))